Abstract
Objective: Ginger is one of the Indonesian plants that has been used as traditional medicine. The flavonoids and phenols compounds contained high antioxidant activity. This study aimed to formulate effervescent granules (EG) from red ginger (RG) extract and evaluate its antioxidant activity. Methods: The formulation of EG from RG extract was prepared by the wet granulation method using different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Furthermore, the flowability of granules was evaluated, including flow rate, angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner ratio, and effervescent time. The physical stability of granules such as organoleptic evaluation, effervescent time, and pH measurement was also evaluated after 28 d of storage, and the antioxidant activity of EG from RG extract was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results: The result showed that the EG of RG extract was successfully prepared by wet granulation with a concentration of 15%. In addition, the flowability study showed that all formulas of EG from RG extract have good flow properties, and the granules showed excellent flow properties based on Carr′s index results. The effervescent time of granules remained within the acceptable range according to USP, and the physical stability did not change even after 28 d of storage. The IC50 of EG from RG extract was 283.28±3.6 ppm and has moderate in free radicals scavenging activity. Conclusion: EG from RG extract can be used as food supplements to protect the human body from free radicals and inhibit oxidases.
Highlights
Oxidation of biological molecules causes a variety of health problems, including carcinogenesis, Parkinson's disease, atherogenesis, and aging [1]
Phenolic compounds protect the human body from free radicals due to their antioxidants capacity
The dose of effervescent granules (EG) from red ginger (RG) extract used in this study was 15%, and the concentration of the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was reported [23]
Summary
Oxidation of biological molecules causes a variety of health problems, including carcinogenesis, Parkinson's disease, atherogenesis, and aging [1]. Oxidative stress results from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) or a decreased antioxidant capacity from a natural cell in organisms [3]. The antioxidants can inhibit ROS to cause DNA damage, coronary heart disease, and health problems related to advancing age [4]. Many antioxidants were obtained from natural sources such as plants and are used in the food industry due to their health benefits [6]. Consuming foods rich in antioxidants phytochemicals can decrease degenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress to improve antioxidant capacity in the body [3]. One of the potential sources from natural plants that act as antioxidants is red ginger (Zingiberis officinale Roscoe var. rubrum)
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