Formulation of a novel anti-lung cancer drug: Vanadium nanoparticles containing Salvia officinalis

Abstract

In this study, vanadium nanoparticles were green synthesized using the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis. Different techniques such as FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and EDS analysis were used to characterize VNPs@Salvia officinalis. A 25.6 nm was obtained for the crystal size of the vanadium nanoparticles using XRD analysis. The FE-SEM images show a spherical morphology for VNPs@Salvia officinalis with the range size of 11.28 to 40.74 for the synthetic nanoparticles. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of VNPs@Salvia officinalis and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 300 and 265 µg/mL, respectively. For anticancer activity evaluation the treated cells with VNPs@Salvia officinalis were assessed by MTT assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti-lung cancer properties on normal (HUVEC) and lung cancer cell lines i.e., EBC-1, LK-2, LU65, LU99, STC 1 and RERF-LC-MA. The IC50 of VNPs@Salvia officinalis were 213, 210, 297, 204, 160, and 125 µg/mL against EBC-1, LK-2, LU65, LU99, STC 1 and RERF-LC-MA cell lines, respectively. The viability of malignant lung cell lines reduced dose-dependently in the presence of VNPs@Salvia officinalis. It appears that the anti-lung cancer effect of VNPs@Salvia officinalis is due to their antioxidant effects.