Formulation of a cement-based grout characterizing controllable gelation time and its modification mechanism

Abstract

Achieving a coordinated balance between pumpability, setting time, and compressive strength is essential for the effective implementation of grouting tasks. This facet also poses a significant challenge in the formulation of cement-based rapid-setting grout. Therefore, precise control over gelation time, while concurrently preserving the pumpability and mechanical strength of cement grout, unquestionably enhances its engineering feasibility. In pursuit of this objective, the current study executed a factorial experiment, assigning alkanolamine, fluoride, aluminum sulfate, and citric acid as experimental factors. Subsequently, through an experiment involving changes to the experimental setup, mathematical predictive models for diverse performance parameters were established to determine the optimal formula. Moreover, to elucidate the hydration process of the proposed grout, a comprehensive investigation was conducted using factor effect analysis, isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, by drawing on the results of the above-mentioned experiments and theoretical analyses, the modification mechanisms of the admixtures on the performance of the matrix were deduced. This paper introduces a novel approach to optimize the overall performance of rapid-setting grout, providing a new material solution for grouting jobs.