Abstract
Objective: The aim of the research about atenolol gel is to formulate and evaluate its stability in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Aqupec HV-505 gel base.
 Methods: Gels were formulated using Acupev HV-505 and HPMC at three different concentrations. Physicochemical evaluation and stability testing were performed including organoleptic examination, pH, viscosity, consistency, bleeding, qualitative analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and quantitative analysis by UV-visible spectrophotometry during 56 days of storage. 
 Results: Physicochemical evaluation showed that the best formula was the one with 1% Aqupec HV-505 base (FA2). Further investigation was conducted by varying atenolol concentration to study the influence on gel stability. Evaluation on organoleptic performance, pH, viscosity, consistency, bleeding, microbiology, and qualitative and quantitative stability testing using TLC and UV-visible Spectrophotometry during 56 days of storage showed that the best gel formula was FA22, the one using 1% Aqupec HV-505 with 0.5% Atenolol The patch test showed that all atenolol gels were safe to be used.
 Conclusions: About 1% Aqupec HV-505 provided good physical properties and physicochemical stability to be used as gel base.
Highlights
Atenolol is one of the β-selective adrenergic blocking agents in the treatment of angina pectoris
It is used for experiment to which variating the Atenolol concentration in gels
The result showed that pH of FA was 7.58–7.80, and it means that all gels with Aqupec HV-505 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) base fulfilled the pH requirement
Summary
Atenolol is one of the β-selective adrenergic blocking agents in the treatment of angina pectoris. It is reported to have extensive hepatic first-pass effect after oral administration [1,2]. It is very well known that conventional therapy such as orally, may result higher fluctuations in plasma concentration of the drug and unwanted side effect [3]. The transdermal drug delivery system that provides a predetermined constant drug delivery would be beneficial for effective and safe therapy [4]. Most of the transdermal delivery is formulated as topical preparations. Other advantages of topical preparations are avoidance of the risks and inconveniences of intravenous therapy and reducing the effect of varied conditions on drug absorption, like pH changes, presence of enzymes, gastric emptying time are [5,6,7]
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