Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Oral Capsules and Suspension from the Ethanolic Extract of Cola nitida Seeds for the Treatment of Diarrhea.

Amanda Tetteh-Annor,Ofosua Adi-Dako,Mordey Karen,Genevieve Naana Yeboah,Christiana O Asare,Doris Kumadoh,Philomena Enstie,Manish K Chourasia,Edem M Amenuke,Fredrick W A Owusu

doi:10.1155/2021/6630449

Abstract

Management of diarrhea has evolved over the years from relatively inadequate interventions in the early years to more successful physiological approaches. The use of herbal medicinal products and supplements has grown significantly over the past three decades, with more than half of the global population depending on it for some aspect of their primary health care needs. This study is aimed at formulating solid and liquid oral dosage forms of the ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds for the treatment of diarrhea. The flow property of the dried ethanolic extract was determined and subsequently formulated into granules for encapsulation. The ethanolic extract was also used in formulating an oral suspension. Pharmacopeia tests such as uniformity of weight, disintegration, drug content, and dissolution were carried out on the formulated capsules. The formulated suspension was also assessed using the following parameters; viscosity, flow rate, drug content, dissolution, sedimentation rate, and sedimentation volume. The dried ethanolic extract and formulated granules exhibited good flow properties. The formulated capsules exhibited optimal in vitro release of extract (>90% after 45 minutes) and passed the uniformity of weight, disintegration, and drug content tests. The formulated suspension also passed the drug content test and had a good sedimentation rate, sedimentation volume, and flow rate. The formulated suspension also exhibited pseudoplastic flow, optimal viscosity, and a good in vitro release profile (>90% after 45 minutes). Capsules and suspension of the ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds have been successfully formulated and can be used as standard dosage forms for the management of diarrhea.

Highlights

Diarrhea can be defined as the passage of three or more loose or watery stools over a 24-hour period or more frequent passage of stools than normal for an individual
Cola nitida seeds were purchased from a local market in Nima, Ghana, and authenticated by the Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Central University, Ghana
According to [11], for nonmodified release dosage forms, not less than 70% of the drug should be released by the 45th minute of being in the dissolution medium

Summary

Introduction

Diarrhea can be defined as the passage of three or more loose or watery stools over a 24-hour period or more frequent passage of stools than normal for an individual. Diarrhea occurs when secretion of water into the intestinal lumen exceeds absorption. This disease is one of the most common clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease but can reflect primary disorders outside of the digestive system. Diarrhea affects both adults and children with debilitating effects on both categories of patients. Children are more susceptible to the effects of the disease as compared to adults. This disease is prevalent in developing countries [2,3,4]

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Results