Abstract
A hydrogel of nanoemulsion system containing mangosteen extract of mangosteen rind was developed and characterized for the purpose of topical formulation. Mangostins, the bioactive in the extract, has been known to have biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral and antitumoral. Due to the hydrophobic nature of mangostins, they can not to be directly formulated into a gel. Oil-in-water nanoemulsions were formulated of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as the oil phase and mixed surfactant consisting of Tween 80 and Span 80, using the high-speed homogenization method. Nanoemulgel formed by mixing the nanoemulsion with aqueous solution of xanthan gum, and added phenoxyethanol as a preservative, was a homogeneous milky white gel. The stability test through accelerated centrifugation and freeze-thaw cycle showed that the nanoemulgel would be stable for at least one year. The nanoemulgel penetrated the skin layer up to 12 μg/cm2 or more than 95% of its total mangostin content, better than the skin penetration result of the nanoemulsion formulation. The present study revealed that VCO-mangostins nanoemulgel formulation is a prospective topical formulation.
Highlights
Cosmetics and skin care products, which composed of numerous chemicals, are recently becoming one of the most-demanded product
The objectives of this study was to obtain the physicochemical properties of nanoemulgel that were formed by using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as the oil phase in O/W nanoemulsions and xanthan gum as a gelling agent in the water-continuous phase
Tween 80 was dissolved in the aqueous phase, while Span 80 was dissolved in the oil phase of the VCO
Summary
Cosmetics and skin care products, which composed of numerous chemicals, are recently becoming one of the most-demanded product. Further development of natural skin care products has to be made in order to reduce the use of harsh chemicals by using the ingredients extracted from plants, such as Garcinia mangostana L., commonly known as mangosteen. Nanoemulsions can penetrate the pores of the skin carrying the active substance to the target location, resulting in an effective drug delivery system. In addition to having a role as oil phase in (O/W) nanoemulsions, VCO has many benefits in skin formulas. The objectives of this study was to obtain the physicochemical properties of nanoemulgel that were formed by using VCO as the oil phase in O/W nanoemulsions and xanthan gum as a gelling agent in the water-continuous phase. To study topical application of nanoemulgel, the skin penetration characteristics of nanoemulgel were determined using an in-vitro test using a Franz diffusion cell with abdominal skin of rat as the model skin
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