Abstract
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of formulating a gellified emulsion of benzoyl peroxide, an anti-acne agent. The formulations were prepared using four different vegetable oils, viz. almond oil, jojoba oil, sesame oil, and wheat germ oil, owing to their emollient properties. The idea was to overcome the skin irritation and dryness caused by benzoyl peroxide, making the formulation more tolerable. The gellified emulsions were characterized for their homogeneity, rheology, spreadability, drug content, and stability. In vitro permeation studies were performed to check the drug permeation through rat skin. The formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, as well as their acute skin irritation potential. The results were compared with those obtained for the marketed formulation. Later, the histopathological examination of the skin treated with various formulations was carried out. Formulation F3 was found to have caused a very mild dysplastic change to the epidermis. On the other hand, the marketed formulation led to the greatest dysplastic change. Hence, it was concluded that formulation F3, containing sesame oil (6%w/w), was the optimized formulation. It exhibited the maximum drug release and anti-microbial activity, in addition to the least skin irritation potential.
Highlights
Acne vulgaris is presumably the most common skin ailment, characterized by inflammation of the pilosebaceous glands
For the purpose of this study, various vegetable oils, namely, almond oil, jojoba oil, sesame oil, and wheat germ oil were used as the oil phase
The coming years will witness an extensive use of topical drug delivery systems as these ensure better patient compliance and constitute an effective treatment option, devoid of systemic toxicity
Summary
Evaluation of gellified emulsions included the following tests: Homogeneity study [19]. Skin permeation studies with benzoyl peroxide gellified emulsion formulations were carried out. At predetermined time intervals (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 hours), 3 ml samples of the receptor medium were withdrawn and suitably diluted They were filtered for analysis and replaced with an equal volume of the buffer solution to maintain a constant volume. All of the formulations were subjected to stability testing at different temperature conditions (4°C and room temperature, 25°C) for 3 months Parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, consistency, and phase separation were examined at fortnightly intervals. The Kirby-Bauer test, known as the disk-diffusion method, is the most widely used method to determine the sensitivity or resistance of pathogenic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria to various antimicrobial compounds This method relies on the inhibition of bacterial growth measured under standard conditions.
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