Abstract
Emulsions are widely produced and handled in the petroleum industry, particularly in the recovery of heavy oil and bitumen by steam flooding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. Production of emulsions has been detected from the very early stages of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations, and the literature suggests emulsification occurs in the reservoir. The model fluids employed in the current SAGD sand pack testing, such as sand retention test (SRT) and flow line testing, do not account for emulsions and their properties. This study introduces model emulsions formulated to mimic some essential features of the SAGD in-situ emulsion properties in terms of droplet size, viscosity, kinetic stability, and asphaltene precipitation. Moreover, a workflow is presented which can be used to synthesize model emulsions of any desired properties.
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