Abstract

Classical scholars have known for quite some time that dawn in the Homeric epics is as often as not rose-fingered, the sea wine-colored and Athena bright-eyed. Similarly, in the Russian byliny, a horse is good and a field open about 95 times out of 100. The problem of fixed epithets and loci communes has preoccupied Slavic scholars for close to a century (cf. Uxov, 1957; 1958), but it remained for Parry (1930, 1932), to advance the notion that a heavy reliance on formulae or stock expressions is a prime characteristic of oral literatures. Parry's student, Lord (1964), extended and amplified this position, emphasizing that formulae can embrace much larger units of text than the fixed nounepithet combinations first noted in Homer. Despite this and other restatements of the precise nature of formulae and of their role in the creative process, Parry's basic hypothesis has never been seriously challenged by conclusive

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