Forms of inorganic phosphorus in carbonatic soils in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Abstract

The western region of the southern Pantanal is characterised by soils with high phosphorus (P) contents, derived from materials from the surrounding lithostratigraphic units, accumulated by fluvial transport. However, studies on forms and availability of P in these soils are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different forms of inorganic P and their relationship with some attributes of carbonatic soils in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Hedley’s sequential fractionation scheme was used to evaluate the forms of P in soil profiles: Kastanozems (profiles P1 and P3) and Gleysol (profile P2). Total P contents were similar in the three profiles, 3782–5637 mg kg–1, with mean values of 22% for organic P and 46% for inorganic P (P.i). The P.i results indicated that in the profiles there was a predominance of inorganic forms of P in the following order: P-NaOH 0.5 mol L–1 > P-NaHCO3 > P-NaOH 0.1 mol L–1 > P-HCl, that is, adsorbed to microaggregates, labile, adsorbed to oxides and precipitated with calcium (Ca), respectively. The highest values of total organic P were verified in the surface horizons, with high correlation with total P contents. Residual P contents were high in all profiles, representing 29.0–33.3% of the total P, being correlated with CaCO3 contents. The studied profiles had high contents of labile P, with the highest values in the fraction P.i-NaHCO3, possibly associated with the processes of reduction of iron during the periods of floods, making the adsorbed P available. The contents of P.i-NaOH 0.1 mol L–1, a moderately labile fraction adsorbed to oxides, showed few differences compared to the non-labile fractions associated with Ca (P.i-HCl). Possibly, organic matter was bound to Ca, inhibiting the formation of precipitates of Ca with P and making P available for the more labile fractions.