Abstract
The aim of the research was to show the changes taking place in soils as a result of the influence of anthropogenic factors in the form of intensive horticulture and pollution within the city. It was made on the basis of the distribution of individual fractions as well as available and total Cu forms in the profiles of garden soils located at houses and in the family allotment gardens in six cities in south-eastern Poland. The research took into account the granulometric composition according to which the cities were divided into two groups. The pollution assessment was based on the concentration indicator, Igeo, and indicators taking into account the forms available for plants: Cav/Ct and BF. There was no copper contamination with regard to legislation act and Igeo. The role of organic matter as an important component in copper in the humus horizons of soils in long-term horticultural cultivation has been considered. The content of all forms of copper was higher in humus horizon which also indicated the anthropogenic changes. Among the two groups of soils, a greater impact of the treatments used in horticulture on those made of sands was found in relation to the silty ones.
Highlights
Among the soils in the area of anthropogenic impact of urbanization pressure as well as modification by use, there are soils developed in home and allotment gardens.Due to their location within cities, they are part of green areas, used by the owners for growing vegetables, which is the reason for modifying the soil profile [1,2,3]
The distribution of Cu in the profiles indicated a greater concentration in the humus horizons and this was reflected in the concentration coefficient and the Igeo index, which indicated no contamination
The concentration of copper in the surface levels has confirmed that its content could have been affected by the way it was used in combination with its location in the city
Summary
Among the soils in the area of anthropogenic impact of urbanization pressure as well as modification by use, there are soils developed in home and allotment gardens Due to their location within cities, they are part of green areas, used by the owners for growing vegetables, which is the reason for modifying the soil profile [1,2,3]. The effect of these changes is the modification of humus horizon into a much deeper in the soil profile, which is characterized by a well-developed large amount of organic substance, characterized by an extensive sorption complex and far-reaching possibilities of retaining desirable and toxic substances [4,5]. There was a need to conduct research in the area of the eastern-southern city of Poland, especially as they represent primarily agricultural areas and so far have been ignored in the literature on the subject
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