Abstract
Effects of aqueous and nonaqueous alcoholic solvents and polar aprotic solvents on the CaO-catalyzed formose reaction were examined. The reaction occurs only in hydroxylic solvents. In alcohol-water solvent systems, the induction period of the reaction was found to correlate with their Z values and with the concentration of dissolved calcium ion. The formose reaction in 90 and 100% methanol was analyzed in some detail, suggesting that the formation of a formaldehyde hemiacetal was essential for the formose reaction in nonaqueous alcoholic solvents and that competitions among the Cannizzaro, sugar formation, and sugar decomposition reactions are important factors affecting the sugar yield.
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