Forming and Shaping Operations for Iron and Steel

Abstract

Although many years of research have gone into the present knowledge of the forming and shaping of metals, most of our capability of making components in ferrous materials goes back to the days of craft and skill. The major expenditure on fundamental studies in metal working has been effective only in refining existing processes rather than leading to new ways of manufacture. A better understanding of the relationship of material properties to stress and deformation modes has had some influence on process developments. Much more is owed to developments in the size of plant units, economic, production engineering, marketing and managerial factors. The more recent developments and trends in secondary manufacturing processes are reviewed.