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Abstract
Organic acids continue to receive considerable attention as feed additives for animal production. Most of the emphasis to date has focused on food safety aspects, particularly on lowering the incidence of foodborne pathogens in poultry and other livestock. Several organic acids are currently either being examined or are already being implemented in commercial settings. Among the several organic acids that have been studied extensively, is formic acid. Formic acid has been added to poultry diets as a means to limit Salmonella spp. and other foodborne pathogens both in the feed and potentially in the gastrointestinal tract once consumed. As more becomes known about the efficacy and impact formic acid has on both the host and foodborne pathogens, it is clear that the presence of formic acid can trigger certain pathways in Salmonella spp. This response may become more complex when formic acid enters the gastrointestinal tract and interacts not only with Salmonella spp. that has colonized the gastrointestinal tract but the indigenous microbial community as well. This review will cover current findings and prospects for further research on the poultry microbiome and feeds treated with formic acid.
Highlights
Both food animal and poultry production industries are challenged to develop management strategies that achieve a balance between optimizing growth and performance while limiting food safety concerns
Formic acid has been used as a chemical animal feed additive and silage acidifier for several years
Once consumed with feed or through the drinking water, formic acid appears to be antagonistic to Salmonella spp. and other pathogens
Summary
Both food animal and poultry production industries are challenged to develop management strategies that achieve a balance between optimizing growth and performance while limiting food safety concerns. Antibiotics fed at subtherapeutic levels were associated with improvements in animal health, welfare, and productivity of animals [1,2,3]. The development of feed additives and amendments that meet at least some of these requirements (improvements in animal health, welfare, and productivity of animals) has been an ongoing interest both from an academic research standpoint as well as a commercial development effort [5, 9]. Numerous commercial feed additive products have entered into the food animal production market ranging from probiotics and prebiotics to a broad spectrum of essential oils and related compounds from botanical sources as well as chemicals such as aldehydes [10,11,12,13,14].
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