Abstract
Some general principles of structural dynamics of ecosystems are formulated. A mathematical formalism has been elaborated, which allows consistent representation of ecosystem structure as an intensive parameter — an argument of a complex number — while the modulus of the latter is a simple function of energy, an extensive parameter. Assimilation and dissimilation of photons have been evaluated. Analysis of variations of intensive and extensive parameters with time makes it possible to distinguish nine basic types of structural dynamics of ecosystems. Similar types apparently exist on other levels of organization and are probably common for a wider class of dissipative systems.
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