Formative feedback in a multicultural classroom: a review

Abstract

ABSTRACT The increase in student mobility world-wide and the globalization of teaching and learning practices has resulted in the prevalence of multicultural classrooms. However, knowledge on how cultural differences interact with increasingly student-centered practices is scarce. This is especially relevant for the provision of effective formative feedback, which as any form of dialogue, is bound to be affected by cultural customs and expectations. This rigorous literature review aims to examine the current knowledge on the role of culture in the provision of formative feedback in higher education: cultural differences, potential conflicts, and mitigation strategies. The results highlight three main themes of variation: perception of formative feedback, feedback as communication, and the affective/interpersonal domain. Three strategies to address potential clashes derived from these cultural differences are provided, and their applicability discussed. Finally, some issues and concerns are raised about current practices on studying cultural differences in the provision of formative feedback.