FORMATION OF YIELD OF OISEED RADISH AT GROWING DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS BY PRE-SOWING APPLICATION ON GRAY FOREST SOILS

Abstract

The article reflects the results of studying the effectiveness of options for fertilizing oilseed radish on gray forest soils in the option of their pre-sowing use for the formation of yield of both leafy mass and seed yield, taking into account the complex use of this agricultural crop. A review of the characteristics of the mineral nutrition of oilseed radish over a long-term cycle of its study is made and aspects of its nutrition and the appropriateness of the use of mineral fertilizers are determined. The features of the use of both single-component fertilization options for the introduction of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the complex use of these nutrients for the mutual binary and complex application have been studied. The specified fertilization options were formed in an increasing order of norms from the control option without fertilizers to the complex application of N180P150K150, which made it possible to systematize the feasibility of each option and determine the possibility of using both the minimum additional mineral nutrition and high doses exceeding the recommendations for oil radish. It has been established that the main growth processes in the oilseed radish of the ‘Zhuravka’ variety, as a combined genotype of fodder and seed-growing use, are determined by high-grade nitrogen nutrition, and the norm is in the range of 60-90 kg/ha of active substance with a more expedient combination with chlorine-free potassium fertilizers type of kalimagnesia –was the most technologically expedient for realizing the yield potential of the leafy mass of oil-bearing radish on gray forest soils. At the same time, it was proved that the effectiveness of the effect of additional mineral nutrition when using oilseed radish to obtain leafy mass depends on the hydrothermal conditions of its vegetation with a reduction of the proposed norms in conditions of insufficient soil and atmospheric moisture for the period of application of pre-sowing fertilizer. It has been proved that the maximum yield of oil-bearing radish seeds in the ‘Zhuravka’ variety is formed in the variants of the pre-sowing application of additional mineral nutrition due to the introduction of N90P30-60K30-90 of the same forms of potash fertilizers, which ultimately ensures maximum yield levels of conditioned seeds with an indicator weight 1000 at the level of 10-11 g with the content of fat in the seeds on an absolutely dry weight at the level of 37-39.5%.