Formation of winter wheat productivity using adaptive growing technologies

Abstract

Аіm. To establish the peculiarities of the formation of productivity of winter wheat under adaptive cultivation technologies. Methods. The research was carried out in the right-bank forest-steppe on the basis of long-term experiments of the department of technology of grain ear crops located within the experimental field of the National Research Center «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences» (Fastiv district, Kyiv region). Field and laboratory methods, mathematical and statistical analysis were used to conduct research. Results. According to the results of plant diagnostics, an assessment of the provision of nutrients at the main stages of organogenesis of winter wheat under adaptive cultivation technologies was made. It was found that winter wheat of the Kraevyd variety, which was grown using alternative technology, was supplied with basic nutrients below the optimum during the growing season. Under resource-saving technologies, a lack of nutrients was observed in the second half of the growing season. The optimal and closest to the optimal supply of plants with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was during the growing season under intensive energy-rich growing technologies. Values, directionality and optimal parameters of accumulation of vegetative and dry mass by plants during their cultivation using technologies of different intensity are determined, and their relationship with productivity is shown. The accumulation of dry matter by crops of winter wheat during the growing season was closely correlated with the yield of this crop. There was a tendency to increase the closeness of the connection, which increased from the VI to the IX stage of organogenesis. Conclusions. It was established that, on average, for 2016–2020, the highest productivity of sowing winter wheat of the Kraevyd variety, 8.93 t/ha of the 1–2 quality class, was obtained under the intensive energy-rich technology, which involved the introduction of P80K100 + N80ІІ + N100IV + N60VII against the background of the introduction of by-products predecessor and integrated plant protection.