Abstract
Lipid distribution in intracellular vesicles is different from that in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. The lipid components in the intracellular vesicles are composed of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the outer leaflet and phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in the inner leaflet. The lipid asymmetricities both in the intracellular vesicle membrane and the plasma membrane contribute to synaptic transmission functions. In this study, we developed a cell-sized asymmetric lipid vesicle system containing small-sized asymmetric lipid vesicles (of diameter 200–1000 nm) (asymmetric vesicles-in-a-vesicle), emulating lipid components in the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicle membrane of eukaryotic cells, using microfluidic technology. We successfully constructed an artificial exocytosis system using the asymmetric vesicles-in-a-vesicle system. This asymmetric vesicles-in-a-vesicle system will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms of vesicle transport, such as neurotransmission and exocytosis.
Highlights
The distribution of lipids in the cell membrane of eukaryotes is asymmetric.[1,2,3,4] The intracellular vesicles play roles in the regulation of metabolism and homeostasis via extracellular transport of proteins, ions, and small biological molecules.[5,6] The intracellular vesicles have an asymmetric lipid bilayer, composed of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the outer lea et and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin in the inner lea et.[7]
The lipid components in the intracellular vesicles are composed of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the outer leaflet and phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in the inner leaflet
We developed a cell-sized asymmetric lipid vesicle system containing small-sized asymmetric lipid vesicles, emulating lipid components in the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicle membrane of eukaryotic cells, using microfluidic technology
Summary
The distribution of lipids in the cell membrane of eukaryotes is asymmetric.[1,2,3,4] The intracellular vesicles play roles in the regulation of metabolism and homeostasis via extracellular transport of proteins, ions, and small biological molecules.[5,6] The intracellular vesicles have an asymmetric lipid bilayer, composed of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the outer lea et and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin in the inner lea et.[7]. The cell-sized vesicles containing vesicles are generated by applying pulsed jet ow against two parallel planar asymmetric lipid bilayers formed in a triple-well device.
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