FORMATION OF TRADITIONS OF MUSEUM PEDAGOGY IN THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN LANDS (END OF XVIII – EARLY XX CENTURY)

Abstract

The review article presents the genesis of the formation of museum pedagogy in the western Ukrainian lands, which were part of the Austrian (Austro-Hungarian) Empire. Emphasis is placed on the fact that an essential prerequisite for the emergence of museum-pedagogical thought was the awareness of the museum as an institution of education, which was especially evident at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and found a theoretical basis in German scientific thought. It was found that the formation of museum pedagogy is associated with the establishment and operation of natural cabinets-museums of Lviv and Chernivtsi universities, the development of natural, artistic, industrial, historical, ethnographic, and other public museums, as well as museum departments in secondary schools. The peculiarities of the formation of the network of museums and traditions of museum pedagogy in the western Ukrainian lands, which found its expression in the activities of university museums, educational museums of secondary schools, and public museums, are clarified. The evolution of views on the educational functions of museum institutions, forms of cooperation of public museums with educational institutions, and certain categories of visitors are revealed. It is proved that the need to introduce effective forms of museum pedagogy, taking into account historical experience, is due to the negative trend of isolation of the current cultural environment from educational institutions.It is determined that in the second half of the XIX century. University museums in Western Ukraine have largely initiated and participated in the creation of natural, art and industrial, historical and local lore, ethnographic and other public museums, as well as helped to establish the traditions of museum pedagogy in secondary schools – gymnasiums and teachers' seminaries.