Formation of thin film composite nanofiltration membrane: Effect of polysulfone substrate characteristics

Abstract

In this work, polysulfone (PSf) substrates with different properties were made by varying the polymer concentration in the dope solution in the range 12–20wt.%. Polyamide (PA) thin layers were then formed via interfacial polymerization between piperazine and trimethylchloride over the PSf substrates. Both top PA thin layers and bottom PSf substrates were characterized with respect to physicochemical properties, structural morphology, and water flux/salt rejection to investigate the influence of substrate properties on the characteristics of PA thin layers. Physical properties of the PA layers were reported to be altered using different PSf substrate properties and were in good agreement with the change in water flux. From the FESEM pictures, it is found that the thickness of PA layer increased as the surface pore size of support membrane decreased. The change in the membrane structural properties in particular pore size is found to portray significant contribution to the changes of formed PA layer. Interestingly, only slight changes on Na2SO4 and MgSO4 salt rejection were reported on any TFC membranes. Considering both water permeability and salt rejection rate, the best performing TFC membrane produced in this work was the membrane made over substrate of 15wt.% PSf concentration.