Abstract
Rising global temperatures in recent years have led to a sharp increase in the area of desert areas. Desert areas are widely used as pastures. The productivity of desert pastures in Uzbekistan is very low, ie 1-3 ts/ha. This limits the year-round use of desert pastures. One of the resource-saving and long-term effective ways to increase their productivity is to plant enclosures, as well as reclamation and forage rows in these desert pastures using plants such as Haloxylon aphyllum, Calligonum caput-medusae, Salsola paletzkiana. This is because protected areas have been scientifically proven to show their positive properties in other areas (around mountainous and irrigated fields). In these areas, enclosures not only perform a protective function, but also serve as a source of fodder for livestock in the autumn-winter seasons.
Highlights
Pasture is one of the most important sources of fodder for livestock
Formation of vegetable cover on the desert of phytocenoses was studied on the basis of the method outlined in the manual by I.F Momotov “Theoretical foundations and methods of phytomelioration of desert pastures” In the object, changes in soil microclimate under the influence of enclosures, phytocenosis composition, cultivated and wild plants in rows, 4 natural and 10 artificial phytocenoses built on different soil types, as well as changes in the productivity of natural and artificial phytocenoses as a result of various external adverse factors were studied. 10 experimental sites, 34 transects with a total area of 3.5 thousand m2, 200 experimental sites for plant studies, 150 experimental sites for plant growth and development were selected for the observations
The vegetation cover in the phytocenoses studied varied during development processes
Summary
Pasture is one of the most important sources of fodder for livestock. Pastureland varies from country to country, with 362.3 million hectares in Australia, 256.0 in the United States, 23.1 in Spain, 20.8 in Canada, 12.6 in New Zealand, 12.5 in the United Kingdom, 12.3 in France, and 5.2 in Poland and 5.2 in Italy [1] Pastures in the CIS countries are divided into perennial grasses (tundra) pastures and bush and shrubs (tundra, semi-desert and desert) pastures, depending on the vegetation cover. Whereas in the world's leading pasture research centers, scientifically proven ways to increase pasture productivity were developed, such as using trees and bushes in the United Kingdom, legumes and cereal plantss in Switzerland, Artemesia ordosica L. in China, Brazos sort and Lolium multiflorum, Festuca elatior cross-breeds of tropical legumes in Japan, in Estonia it was achieved to increase the pasture productivity to 6630 kg / ha in average mainly by using five to seven plant species. In the indigenous pastures of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, work has been carried out to increase pasture productivity by sowing seeds of plants (legumes and cereals) introduced using special agro-technical methods (mineral fertilization, regeneration). In Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, 55-65% of the area is natural pasture, and special agro-technical methods (mineral fertilization, rehabilitation, sowing of introduced crops (legumes and cereals)) have been used to increase pasture productivity [14]. Positive results were obtained using hybrids of tropical legumes Brazos, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca elatior to increase productivity [15]
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