Abstract
Summary A sand ridge up to 25 m high separates Lake Chilwa, Malawi, from its former Indian Ocean outlet. Consisting of beach sands capped by dunes, the sand bar was formed by the growth of spits across the northern end of the lake. Mineralogical studies of the sands indicate that they were derived from northern and western areas of the Chilwa basin and were brought to the lake during a period of increased runoff and rainfall intensities. The formation of the sand bar in the early Holocene represented a radical change in the hydrology and biology of Lake Chilwa, from an open fresh water lake to a closed saline lake with a marked tendency to fluctuate in level.
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