Formation of saucer-shaped sills

Abstract

Abstract We have developed a coupled model for sill emplacement in sedimentary basins. The intruded sedimentary strata are approximated as an elastic material modelled using a discrete element method. A non-viscous fluid is used to approximate the intruding magmatic sill. The model has been used to study quasi-static sill emplacement in simple basin geometries. The simulations show that saucer-shaped sill complexes are formed in the simplest basin configurations defined as having homogeneous infill and initial isotropic stress conditions. Anisotropic stress fields are formed around the sill tips during the emplacement due to uplift of the overburden. The introduction of this stress asymmetry leads to the formation of transgressive sill segments when the length of the horizontal segment exceeds two to three times the overburden thickness. New field and seismic observations corroborate the results obtained from the modelling. Recent fieldwork in undeformed parts of the Karoo Basin, South Africa, shows that saucer-shaped sills are common in the middle and upper parts of the basin. Similar saucer shaped sill complexes are also mapped on new two- and three-dimensional seismic data offshore of Mid-Norway and on the NW Australian shelf, whereas planar and segmented sheet intrusions are more common in structured and deep basin provinces.