Abstract
Abstract A better understanding of lattice defects behavior during the synthesis procedure of the catalyst is essential to enhance the performance of the Pt-containing catalysts and reduce their cost. We synthesized Pt-Pd-Cu nanoparticles (NPs) and investigated the reconstruction procedure at the surface of the particles. The results show that NPs transform into hollow nanoparticles (HNPs) structures during the acid leaching, the surface crystallizes and finally becomes Pt-enriched at the surface of the HNPs. The mechanism of this process is proposed. The corrosion of the HNO3 solution drives Cu to leach into the acid solution. Owing to the Kirkendall effect, Pt atoms gather at the surface of the NPs to crystallize. Simultaneously, the interface between the crystallized domains, where vacancies appear and gather, acts as a rapid path for the diffusion of Cu atoms. The current study provides essential evidences for understanding the details of the HNP formation mechanism.
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