Formation of planned potato yield in the conditions of the Souther Urals

Abstract

The most important factor for obtaining planned potato yields in rainfed farming in the forest-steppe zone of Chelyabinsk region is the availability of moisture. The yield of tubers depends on the weather conditions of the growing season by 18.7%, the density of crops - by 17.3%, varieties - by 8.4% and the use of microfertilizer Forsage by 5.1%. The level of balanced nutrition determines 46.2% of total potato yield variation and is the main factor. The yields of the studied varieties under the conditions of 2019 (HTC = 0.91) was 1.15-1.23 times higher than in 2020 (HTC = 0.85) and 1.25-1.67 times more than in the drought conditions of 2021 (HTC = 0.39). Dense planting of potatoes ensured an increase in the yield of tubers and did not affect the content of starch in the tubers. The microfertilizer Forsage increased the yield of the variety Zakhar by an average of 2.5 t/ha, Rosara - by 2.1 t/ha, Kashtak - by 2.5 t/ha compared to the control. The influence of Forsage on the starch content of tubers depended on the variety and density. The best result is provided by a combination of a dense planting, the use of varieties Zakhar and Kashtak and the use of microfertilizer Forsage.