Abstract
In the emerging field of organic bioelectronics, conducting polymers and ion-selective membranes are combined to form resistors, diodes, transistors, and circuits that transport and process both electronic and ionic signals. Such bioelectronics concepts have been explored in delivery devices that translate electronic addressing signals into the transport and dispensing of small charged biomolecules at high specificity and spatiotemporal resolution. Manufacturing such “iontronic” devices generally involves classical thin film processing of polyelectrolyte layers and insulators followed by application of electrolytes. This approach makes miniaturization and integration difficult, simply because the ion selective polyelectrolytes swell after completing the manufacturing. To advance such bioelectronics/iontronics and to enable applications where relatively larger molecules can be delivered, it is important to develop a versatile material system in which the charge/size selectivity can be easily tailormade at the same time enabling easy manufacturing of complex and miniaturized structures. Here, we report a one-pot synthesis approach with minimal amount of organic solvent to achieve cationic hyperbranched polyglycerol films for iontronics applications. The hyperbranched structure allows for tunable pre multi-functionalization, which combines available unsaturated groups used in crosslinking along with ionic groups for electrolytic properties, to achieve a one-step process when applied in devices for monolithic membrane gel formation with selective electrophoretic transport of molecules.
Highlights
Organic bioelectronics (Wei, 1998; Berggren and Richter-Dahlfors, 2007; Someya et al, 2016) comprises the research and engineering field in which the coupling of biomolecules and electronic charges, in organic electro-active materials, is utilized to achieve sensing or actuation of processes and reactions in various biological systems
The mixed ion-electron conduction of two separated conjugated polymer electrodes are combined with the selective ion transport of a membrane to form a class of electrophoretic drug delivery devices, called organic electronic ion pumps (OEIPs) (Isaksson et al, 2007; Simon et al, 2009; Arbring Sjöström et al, 2018)
Allylation was performed on the polymer resulting in a degree of substitution of ∼ 10% (Figure S1a) and distinct alkene carbon signals were detected in C-NMR (Figure S1b)
Summary
Organic bioelectronics (Wei, 1998; Berggren and Richter-Dahlfors, 2007; Someya et al, 2016) comprises the research and engineering field in which the coupling of biomolecules and electronic charges, in organic electro-active materials, is utilized to achieve sensing or actuation of processes and reactions in various biological systems. Monolithic Ion-Selective Transport Media (Kontturi et al, 1998; Abidian et al, 2006; Wadhwa et al, 2006) Upon electronically addressing these electrodes, their oxidation state changes, triggering release of the pre-loaded biomolecule. By addressing the two polarizable electrodes of the OEIP an electric field is established along the ion selective channel, enabling the selective delivery of small ( 200 g/mol) charged biomolecules, transported from a reservoir to a target system Such OEIP devices have successfully been explored to deliver neurotransmitters and ions in various applications, especially targeting actuation and suppression of neuronal processes and signaling in vitro (Tybrandt et al, 2009; Williamson et al, 2015; Jonsson et al, 2016) and in vivo (Simon et al, 2009; Jonsson et al, 2015; Proctor et al, 2018)
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