Formation of meat productivity of bulls depending on the level of feeding

Abstract

The materials of the publication continue to reflect the results of long-term research conducted by the Department of Animal Feeding and Feed Technology on lactating cows and fattening bulls. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the formation of meat productivity by bulls of Volyn meat breed depending on the level of feeding, which in the same diets fully meets the needs of animals in nutrients, namely: dry matter, available energy, protein fraction, carbohydrates, mineral, and biologically active substances. Theoretical issues concerning the organization of complete nutrition of specialized meat breeds with year-round uniform feeding using haylage-type mono-feed are relevant especially in the practice of fattening young animals to obtain veal and young beef. This type of feed according to our recipe is made on the farm “Pchany-Denkovych”. More complex feeds of a mixture of three, four, and five components have also been developed, and the field produces compound feed, which is called grain haylage. Diets of this type do not require the use of concentrated feed in livestock fattening. This approach is reflected in the materials of scientific and practical publications on the intensity of functional processes of muscle tissue growth without excess fat. The data obtained in our studies allow us to conclude that there is a direct relationship between the total protein content in muscle tissue and the nutritional qualities of diet food. It is such components of mono-feed as corn cobs of milk-wax ripeness and soybean pods that provide a relatively high protein content in the feed, which provided high average daily gains in live weight with a limited number of concentrates. The control slaughter of bulls at the end of the experiment showed that the average pre-slaughter live weight was at the level of 541–501 kg. Slaughter yield of carcasses was directly dependent on the structure of the diet with a small group difference, which was in the range of 0.8–1.2 % compared to the first group, whose diet compensated for the need of animals for energy and protein through concentrates and was usually more expensive. Thus, the replacement of some concentrates in terms of the nutritional value of the second and third groups does not lead to a significant negative impact on the morphological composition of carcasses, which gives reason to believe the effectiveness of such diets. Studies on fattening bulls of the Volyn meat breed give grounds to claim that the harvest of mono-feed (corn-soybean) haylage type, the nutritional value of which is more than 0.5 feed. from contains a sufficient amount of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, provides high average daily gains in live weight, and has a positive effect on the quality of young beef. The production of this type of fodder allows producing 78.1–99.8 quintals of fodder from 1 ha of fodder area, respectively. from and 6.1–13.9 quintals of digestible protein and makes it possible to reduce the cost of concentrated feed in the structure of animal diets for fattening.