Abstract
Layered fracture and outburst are two typical types of failures in a stratum that occur in many cases, such as liquefaction of sand, mining of coal, and dissociation of gas hydrate. The formation of both the failures is analyzed using the mathematical model based on the three-phase media. It is found that both failures occur once the pore pressure is high enough to cause the crashing and breakage of the skeleton. In other words, the formation conditions are related to the tensile strength of the stratum and the overburden. The fracture expands and shrinks along with the penetration and drainage of pore water and gas; outburst stops gradually as the energy dissipates in the stratum.
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