Abstract
Several alkyl maltosides having different alkyl chain structures and dodecyl maltotrioside were synthesized. The detergent properties of these compounds were investigated with special emphasis on dialysis kinetics during liposome formation. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and therefore the speed of detergent removal by dialysis mainly depended on the chain length of the hydrophobic part of the molecule, whereas the number of glucose residues in the polar headgroup had no effect on CMC. Liposome preparation was performed through detergent removal by dialysis combined with adsorption to Amberlite XAD-2 as described by Philippot et al. (Philippot, J.R., Mutaftchiev, S.; Liautard, J.P. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 734, 137–143), leading to a considerable reduction of dialysis volume. Decyl maltoside proved to be a suitable detergent in combination with mixtures of defined synthetic lipids (DOPC/DOPS and DOPC/DOPG). The presence of at least 10% of negatively charged lipid was essential for the formation of unilamellar liposomes.
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