Abstract
Addition of 2.8wt.% Cu to an alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) stainless steel promotes formation of a L12-ordered phase with the dominating elements Ni, Cu and Al, instead of B2-NiAl and Cu-rich phases as predicted by the phase equilibrium calculation. At 700°C/150MPa, the creep/rupture life of the AFA steel increases from 1537h to 2047h with the occurrence of the L12-ordered phase. The nano-size L12-ordered Ni–Cu–Al precipitates are uniformly distributed in the austenitic matrix with an average diameter of 35±7nm even after 2047h creep/rupture testing.
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