Abstract
Recent experiments by Mohideen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 509 (1993)] demonstrated that more hot electrons result from high-intensity above-threshold ionization of atoms than had been predicted by existing models. In this paper we explain most of the discrepancy between the theory and experimental data on the basis of a quasistatic tunneling independent-electron (QTIE) model, formulated using a simple set of rate equations with quasistatic expressions for ionization probabilities. Because of the efficiency of the QTIE approach, one can easily perform calculations of strong-field ionization for many-electron atoms. We demonstrate the properties of tunneling ionization in applications to He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe.
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