Abstract
A layer by layer analysis of rails, differentially hardened in various modes, has been carried out using transmission electron microscopy on various scale levels. It has been shown that the differential hardening of rails is accompanied by the formation of a morphologically different structure, which is formed according to the diffusion mechanism of γ-α transformation and consisting of plate perlite grains, free ferrite grains, and grains of a ferrite-carbide mixture. The gradient character of modifications of structure, phase composition, and dislocation substructure parameters along the cross section of rail head has been established. It has been revealed that the interfaces between globular cementite particles and the matrix are the most dangerous stress concentrators.
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