Abstract
The Ilkhanids made considerable changes in their ancestors’ legacy after capturing Iran caused the creation of complex geometric patterns. Exhaustive research has been undertaken about the features of decoration of this era; however, the raised question is how this progress could have happened in spite of slaughtering or secluding the artists. The purpose of this study is to point out the role of the most effective factors in the formation of the decorations with complex geometric patterns during the Ilkhanids’ era. This study implements a descriptive-historical approach with reference to written library sources. The analysis of the observations shows that Iranian rulers and scholars, especially Nasir al-Din Tosi, have played a key role in this development. This includes especially Nasir al-Din Tosi who is the composer of several fields including astronomy, ethics, history, logic, jurisprudence, mathematics, medicine, poetry, and philosophy as well he translated from the Greek geometry books. His success influenced Mongols. Eventually, he was appointed in several administration positions. His position influenced the promotion and progress of the geometry and math and their application in architecture and engineering. In fact, it can be said that the interaction of architects and mathematicians, which was Tosi’s brainchild, brought about a turning point in the Ilkhanids’ art and architecture, especially geometric decorations.
Highlights
Throughout history, the decorations of Iranian buildings were designed by three types of materials: brick, tile, plaster, or a mixture of all
Despite slaughtering Iranian by Mongol governors during Ilkhanids’ era, Iranian architecture resumed its booming path after a short interruption, and as a result, the complex geometric patterns appeared in architectural decorations
Gradual evolution of geometric patterns of motifs in decorations. As it was previously mentioned, the application of geometry in art, especially architecture and decorations related to it were commonplace during the eras before Islam, but the transition to Islamic era was so effective in the development of geometry that most of the complex geometric rules in the Islamic Iranian civilization were known and displayed in art and architecture
Summary
Throughout history, the decorations of Iranian buildings were designed by three types of materials: brick, tile, plaster, or a mixture of all. The art of geometric pargeting and its booming, which is the subject of this study was originally used to cover the rough surfaces and their decoration, but in the fifth century AH it came out of its simple decorative form and changed into a complex, unique decorative cover. Despite slaughtering Iranian by Mongol governors during Ilkhanids’ era, Iranian architecture resumed its booming path after a short interruption, and as a result, the complex geometric patterns appeared in architectural decorations In this era, the accompaniment of architecture and math in Iran, witnessed in the construction and body of the buildings previously, was a display of the interaction of the architect and engineer, which undoubtedly brought about unique works
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