Abstract
The formation of Ce 3+ ions in CeO 2 is key for its applications. We present density functional theory (DFT) studies of doping of the CeO 2 (1 1 0) surface with +5 cations, Ta and Nb, as a route to formation of Ce 3+. We use DFT corrected for on-site Coulomb interactions (DFT + U, U = 5 eV) and hybrid DFT (HSE06 functional). With both methods we find formation of Ce 3+ ions due to the extra electron from the dopant residing on a single Ce site, confirming the DFT + U description of these systems. Doping with Nb and Ta activates the surface to NO 2 reduction – there is no interaction with the undoped surface but the Ce 3+ ion in the doped surface interacts strongly with NO 2.
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