Formation of bioactive nano hybrid thin films on anodized titanium via electrophoretic deposition intended for biomedical applications

Abstract

In this investigation, we report the development of bioactive glass (BG) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) - bioglass nano hybrid (G-BG) thin films over anodized TiO2 nanotubes via electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). Different parameters such as concentration of particle loading (BG and G-BG), concentration of sodium alginate (Na Al) - anionic charge donor and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) - binder, voltage, deposition time and annealing temperature were analyzed. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) studies revealed phases of anatase in anodized substrates, whereas in BG thin films along with anatase, combeite phase of bioactive glasses were also found. In the case of G-BG thin films in addition to anatase and combeite phases calcinate phase was also observed SEM results exhibited the anodized TiO2 pore diameter to be around 100 nm, whereas the thickness of the nanotube layer was found to be approximately 6 μm. The SEM analysis on BG and G-BG thin film layers over TiO2 layer was observed to be 2 μm in thickness. Due to the dissociation of sodium ions from BG thin films, cell lysis was observed to higher in hemocompatibility, antibacterial activity and cell proliferation analysis. This phenomenon of BG thin films were advantageous in antibacterial activity but deleterious in hemocompatibility and cell proliferation. However, the calcite phase in G -BG thin films suppressed this activity and showed better hemocompatibility and cell proliferation of MG-63 cell lines. From this study, it is evident that incorporation of rGO in BG thin films enhanced the HCA formation, hemocompatibility and MG-63 cell proliferation.