Abstract
Autapse is a specific synapse connected to the neuron via close loop, and its functional adjusting is described by applying time-delayed feedback on the membrane potential of the neuron. This paper discussed the possible formation mechanism and biological function of autapse connection on neurons. We believe that the formation and growth of autapse connected to neuron can be associated with injury on axon and blocking in signal transmission; thus auxiliary loop is developed to form an autapse. When autapse is set up, it can propagate the signals and change the modes of electrical activities under self-adaption. Based on the cable neuron model, the injury on axon is generated by poisoning and blocking in ion channels (of sodium); thus the conductance of ion channels are changed to form injury-associated defects. Furthermore, auxiliary loop with time delay is designed to restore and enhance signal propagation by setting different time delays and feedback gains. The numerical studies confirmed that appropriate time delay and feedback gain in electric or chemical autapse can help signal (or wave generated by external forcing) propagation across the blocked area. As a result, formation of autapse could be dependent on the injury of neuron and further enhances the self-adaption to external stimuli.
Highlights
Neuronal models [1,2,3,4,5,6] are helpful to understand the main dynamical properties in neuronal activities, and most of the simplified versions have been developed from the biological Hodgkin-Huxley neuron [1] model with the effect of ion channels being considered
The injured area generated mS/cm2: the axon is divided into 201 nodes and the injured area is marked from nodes i = 120 to 130
We argued that the formation and development of autapse connection could result from the self-adaption and self-protection of neuron
Summary
Neuronal models [1,2,3,4,5,6] are helpful to understand the main dynamical properties in neuronal activities, and most of the simplified versions have been developed from the biological Hodgkin-Huxley neuron [1] model with the effect of ion channels being considered. As mentioned in [51], autapse is an unusual type of synapse generated by a neuron on itself and autapse connection can play complex biological function by changing the electrical activities in neuron and neuronal networks [26]. Emergence of defects due to negative feedback can block the wave propagation, while regularity is enhanced by pacemaker generated by positive feedback in autapse It keeps open on how an autapse can be formed. We argue that the formation of autapse connected to neuron could be associated with injury on axon that signal propagation is blocked; another auxiliary loop is developed to help signal transmission and self-adjusting on mode selection of electrical activities
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