Abstract
High strength, excellent corrosion resistance, high biocompatibility, osseointegration ability, and low bacteria adhesion are critical properties of metal implants. Additionally, the implant surface plays a critical role as the cell and bacteria host, and the development of a simultaneously antibacterial and biocompatible implant is still a crucial challenge. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) could be a promising alternative to silver in antibacterial surface engineering due to low cell toxicity. In our study, we assessed the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of a PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) coating incorporated with CuNPs (Cu nanoparticles). The structural and chemical parameters of the CuNP and PEO coating were studied with TEM/SEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy/Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDX (Energy-Dispersive X-ray Dpectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) methods. Cell toxicity and bacteria adhesion tests were used to prove the surface safety and antibacterial properties. We can conclude that PEO on a ZrNb alloy in Ca–P solution with CuNPs formed a stable ceramic layer incorporated with Cu nanoparticles. The new surface provided better osteoblast adhesion in all time-points compared with the nontreated metal and showed medium grade antibacterial activities. PEO at 450 V provided better antibacterial properties that are recommended for further investigation.
Highlights
Titanium (Ti) dental implants have been widely used in the last 50 years to fix and support prosthetic superstructures from single crowns to fixed and removable prostheses [1]
Since Ti was discovered by William Gregor, it has remained the material of choice for dental implants due to its excellent properties
Β · cos(θ) where λ is the wavelength of X-ray diffraction; β is the value of the physical broadening of the corresponding diffraction peak; and θ is the diffraction angle
Summary
Titanium (Ti) dental implants have been widely used in the last 50 years to fix and support prosthetic superstructures from single crowns to fixed and removable prostheses [1]. Materials 2020, 13, 3913 commercial implant systems characterized by enhanced surface and mechanical properties, the number of complications is still being increased and varies between 4.5% to 10% [2]. As reported by a different review, mechanical parameters and surface properties are the main factors responsible for implant success [4]. Since Ti was discovered by William Gregor, it has remained the material of choice for dental implants due to its excellent properties. Ti alloys demonstrate a stiffness mismatch with the adjacent bone, which causes a stress shielding effect that leads to bone resorption and implant failure [5]
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