Abstract
Water disinfection is used in drinking water treatment to protect public health by controlling microbial pathogens that cause waterborne diseases. Water disinfectants also react with natural organic matter found in source waters to unintentionally produce disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, with increasing populations and climate change, water sources are receiving anthropogenic inputs that differ from natural organic matter. These changes trigger the formation of a new suite of DBPs with unknown formation mechanisms. This review provides an overview of recent research on DBP formation mechanisms and analytical methods of priority DBPs including N-halamines, organic and inorganic amines, nitrosamines, total organic halogen, and DBPs derived from advanced oxidation processes including combined UV/chlorine processes. Key intermediates responsible for DBP formation which were previously unnoticed and new analytical method developments are also highlighted.
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