Abstract
Seed shattering refers to the phenomenon in which the pods split along the abdominal and back sutures before the crop is received, so that the seeds are spread. Seed shattering is vital to the reproduction of their offspring in wild plants, but it is also the main cause of crop yield loss reason. Pod-explosion resistance is a complex process of physical and physiological and biochemical reactions. Soybean seed shattering phenomenon is widespread, which severely restricts the development of soybean industry. Seed shattering (pod cracking or fruit dropping) is essential for the reproduction of its offspring in wild plants, but it is also the main cause of crop yield loss. This article analyzes the morphology and structure of pods related to seed shattering from the morphology of pods. On the basis of the regularity of the occurrence of seed shattering and the summary of phenotypic index identification methods, physiologically introduced the regulation mechanism of key enzymes and endogenous hormones on seed shattering. The localization, labeling and cloning of seed shattering genes are introduced in molecular biology. The study focused on reviewing the latest advances in the research on soybean seed shattering characteristics, and discussed with the research results of related crops. Finally, the research and application of soybean seed shattering resistance were prospected for several aspects.
Highlights
Merr), Pea (Pisum sativum L.), Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Rape (Brassica campestris), pod shattering plant, etc. [2–6], and seed shattering refers to the fragmentation of the pod shell that breaks the seeds successfully
The occurrence of soybean seed shattering is not caused by a single factor
Nilmani et al [37] studied the seed shattering rate of different soybean varieties 10 days after the maturity period, and the seed shattering rate was between 0.67% and 67.05%, implying that genetic background has a great influence on soybean seed shattering
Summary
The appearance of fruits represents a major evolutionary innovation of angiosperms. The successful evolution of wild plant species essentially determines their ability to spread offspring [1]. The occurrence of soybean seed shattering is not caused by a single factor. The morphological characteristics of the phenotype, the anatomical structure of the pod suture, the chemical composition of the pod skin, the genetic characteristics of the variety and environmental factors will all affect the occurrence of seed shattering [14]. This article focuses on soybeans and takes into account related crops It summarizes the research on pods from morphology, and analyzes the rules and main influencing factors of the occurrence of pods. The summary is intended to provide reference for future studies on the mechanism of seed shattering from the perspective of morphology, physiology and molecular biology. It provides reference for the innovation and variety breeding of seed shattering germplasm
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