Abstract
Structural abnormalities in the wood of Betula pendula Roth caused by the larvae of Phytobia betulae Kangas have been examined by light microscopy. The larvae bore through the zone of differentiating xylem from the crown to the base of the tree. The wound callus formed by the tree in response to the damage becomes sclerified and appears as brown streaks running through the wood. In transverse section the tunnels are elliptical in shape up to 3 mm wide and correspond to ʻpith flecksʼ.
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