Abstract
We exemplify the impact of beyond Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) physics, especially due to intercomponent correlations, in the ground state and the quench dynamics of one-dimensional so-called quantum droplets using an ab-initio nonperturbative approach. It is found that the droplet Gaussian-shaped configuration arising for intercomponent attractive couplings becomes narrower for stronger intracomponent repulsion and transits towards a flat-top structure either for larger particle numbers or weaker intercomponent attraction. Additionally, a harmonic trap prevents the flat-top formation. At the balance point where mean-field interactions cancel out, we show that a correlation hole is present in the few particle limit of these fluids as well as for flat-top droplets. Introducing mass-imbalance, droplets experience intercomponent mixing and excitation signatures are identified for larger masses. Monitoring the droplet expansion (breathing motion) upon considering interaction quenches to stronger (weaker) attractions we explicate that beyond LHY correlations result in a reduced velocity (breathing frequency). Strikingly, the droplets feature two-body anti-correlations (correlations) at the same position (longer distances). Our findings pave the way for probing correlation-induced phenomena of droplet dynamics in current ultracold atom experiments.
Highlights
Quantum droplets, self-bound many-body (MB) states of matter which emerge when strong attraction is present, are a prominent manifestation of beyond mean-field (MF) effects among ultradilute weakly interacting systems [1,2,3,4]
It is found that the droplet Gaussian-shaped configuration arising for intercomponent attractive couplings becomes narrower for stronger intracomponent repulsion and transits towards a flat-top structure either for larger particle numbers or weaker intercomponent attraction
For two-component Bose mixtures with zero-range intracomponent repulsion and intercomponent attraction, droplets realized in models with next-to-leadingorder Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) [14] corrections have been described by a modified Gross-Pitaevskii (MGP) equation [5,6]; see the recent review [15]
Summary
Self-bound many-body (MB) states of matter which emerge when strong attraction is present, are a prominent manifestation of beyond mean-field (MF) effects among ultradilute weakly interacting systems [1,2,3,4]. A relevant feature that has been an explicit target of experimental [8] and theoretical [15] studies is the droplet ground state The latter in homogeneous bosonic mixtures is known to exhibit a crossover from a flat-top (FT) to a Gaussian-shaped configuration avoiding collapse due to quantum fluctuations despite the strong attractive interactions [28]. The inclusion of a harmonic trap results in a breathing motion irrespective of the postquench value with a larger predicted frequency in the MGP approach Both the expansion and the breathing dynamics of the droplet can be considered as sensitive experimental probes for exposing beyond LHY physics. The ground-state correlation properties of droplets focusing on the impact of the participating interactions and particle number are analyzed for symmetric (mass-balanced) and asymmetric (mass-imbalanced) bosonic mixtures in Secs.
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