Abstract
The synthesis and surface behavior of a series of nine new hydrogenated nonionic surfactants and their fluorinated analogs, derived from d-mannitol are described. Adsorption monolayers (Gibbs monolayers) were studied by surface pressure ( Π) measurements as a function of time. For the spread monolayers (Langmuir monolayers), the measurements of surface pressure versus molecular area ( A) were performed. For the most hydrophobic amphiphiles at low concentrations, the adsorption at the air/water interface from the bulk solution required extremely long times to attain equilibrium. The A values for two compounds which could be studied in both adsorbed and spread monolayers provided data allowing a direct comparison of the properties of the two types of films formed at the air/water interface. In spite of different mechanisms of formation of Langmuir and Gibbs monolayers, their characteristic parameters were identical, proving the equivalence of these two types of structures.
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