Abstract
Irradiation with ultrasound, vigorous stirring, or vibration of aqueous solutions of d-glucose and lactose can induce chemical reactions. Malonaldehyde has been identified as one product, and the influence of pH and gas atmosphere on its formation by irradiation with ultrasound has been investigated. Only traces were present in neutral solutions, but it was a major product in alkaline solutions. Malonaldehyde is unstable, especially in neutral and acidic solutions, and gives 1,3,5-benzentricarbaldehyde by 1,2-addition and 1 by 1,4-addition. There is evidence that cyclic structures also exist, the ring closure being brought about by an additional hemiacetal bond. To some extent also, 1,3,5-benzenetricarbaldehyde is incorporated into the oligomers.
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