Abstract
Accumulation of lipid droplets (also known as lipid bodies or adiposomes) within leukocytes, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and other nonadipocytic cells is a frequently observed phenotype in inflammatory conditions. Increasing evidence suggests that accumulation of these organelles is also a common feature of transformed cells and tissues. Lipid droplet biogenesis is a regulated cellular process, which culminates in the compartmentalization of lipids, which act as inducible organelles that play an important role in cell signaling, lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and control of the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory mediators. We review and discuss current evidence related to the biogenesis and function of lipid droplets in cell metabolism and signaling in inflammation and cancer. Moreover, the potential of lipid droplets as markers of disease and targets for novel anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic therapies is discussed.
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