FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE IN THE COUNTRY CITIES OF THE URALS IN THE 60S AND 80S OF THE 19TH CENTURY

Abstract

The historiography of the Ural police originates from the studies of the city police, which began in the second half of the 1990s at the same time in the South Urals and in the Vyatka Cis-Urals. Furthermore, some generalizations of the development of urban police institutions in the 19th century took place exclusively within the South Urals and Vyatka Cis-Urals, a generalizing work on the city police of the entire region has not yet been published. The object of this study is the transformation of the city police of the Urals in the 60s — 80s of the 19th century. The relevance of the study for historical science, on the one hand, is due to the fact that in the urbanized space, the processes associated with modernization were particularly active and the timeliness of police reforms was of particular importance here. As research methods, there were used the “classical” ones: historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-typological. The resulting part examines the measures taken by regional and central authorities to strengthen the police of country cities in the second half of the 19th century. A comparison of pre-reform and new police states is carried out. Based on the above data, it can be concluded that the reforms were controversial. The main reason for the shortcomings of both the reform of 1887 and subsequent ones lay in the contradiction between the real need of cities for police forces and the lack of city funds to meet these needs. Thus, the reform of 1862 somewhat weakened the city police forces, and the general growth of the urban population and the lack of reforms until 1887 further intensified the crisis phenomena.