Abstract
Photosynthesis is the central energy conversion process for plant metabolism and occurs within mature chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are also the site of various metabolic reactions involving amino acids, lipids, starch, and sulfur, as well as where the production of some hormones takes place. Light is one of the most important environmental factors, acting as an essential energy source for plants, but also as an external signal influencing their growth and development. Plants experience large fluctuations in the intensity and spectral quality of light, and many attempts have been made to improve or modify plant metabolites by treating them with different light qualities (artificial lighting) or intensities. In this review, we discuss how changes in light intensity and wavelength affect the formation of chloroplast-located metabolites in plants.
Highlights
Photosynthesis provides energy source for plant metabolism, and it represents an important photochemical reaction involving the trapping and conversion of energy from sunlight into biological energy in plants
Photosynthesis can be divided into two phases: one phase is the conversion of the photochemical energy from sunlight into biological energy, ATP and NADPH, and the other phase is the conversion of CO2 into carbon compounds using the biology energy
Some of the fatty acids synthesized in chloroplasts are directly assembled into thylakoid lipids, while others are exported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Summary
Photosynthesis provides energy source for plant metabolism, and it represents an important photochemical reaction involving the trapping and conversion of energy from sunlight into biological energy in plants. The chloroplast stroma contains many enzymes, and the carbon assimilation and many biosynthetic processes are located on it. Light energy is captured by photoreceptors in plants, and they are specialized pigment–protein complexes They drive photosynthetic processes and respond to changes in light conditions (quality and quantity) through the responses of developmental and physiological known as photomorphogenesis [11,12]. Few reviews have discussed the influence of light wavelength and intensity on metabolite accumulation in chloroplasts. In the present article, we review the formation of chloroplast-located metabolites, and discuss how changes in light wavelength and intensity can affect their formation
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