Abstract
Formation of compound drops by breakup of an axisymmetric compound jet injected from a coaxial nozzle into another immiscible coflowing fluid, at various density and viscosity ratios, is numerically investigated. The fluids are assumed to be Newtonian and incompressible and gravity is neglected for simplicity. A Finite Difference Method with Front Tracking is used to track the evolution and breakup of the compound jet. The outcomes of our numerical results show how density and viscosity ratios affect the compound jet’s transition from dripping to jetting mode. The density ratios of inner-to-outer and intermediate-to-outer fluids affect compound jet breakup length, drop diameter and drop formation time more than comparable viscosity ratios. At high density and viscosity ratios, due to high inertia and viscous force respectively, the drop formation is more chaotic and mostly multi-core drops are formed.
Highlights
Compound liquid jet formation and breakup has been studied extensively due to its attractive industrial applications such as atomization, microencapsulation, and drug delivery [1,2,3,4,5,6]
We investigate the effect of density ratios ρ13, ρ23 and viscosity ratios μ13, μ23 on the breakup modes of the compound jet, focusing on the transition of a compound jet from dripping to jetting
We have numerically investigated the effects of density and viscosity on the formation and breakup of a compound liquid jet in coflowing outer fluid in an axisymmetric cylindrical tube
Summary
Compound liquid jet formation and breakup has been studied extensively due to its attractive industrial applications such as atomization, microencapsulation, and drug delivery [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The resulting compound jet decomposes into droplets due to the effects of surface tension forces. This phenomenon is known as capillary instability [8]. Breakup of the drops occurs near the nozzle exit whereas in jetting mode, breakup takes place farther downstream. These two modes are essential in the application of compound jets [6,14]. The effect of outer coflowing fluid on a compound jet was experimentally examined by Lee et al [15] and Utada et al [16]. Vu et al [12,13] numerically investigated the breakup modes in
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