Abstract
To integrate the care resources of the elderly, while promoting the development of formal social care resources, some countries have gradually turned to the development of family informal care resources. In China, informal family care has a more important role, whereas social formal care resources are far from meeting the needs of older people. Thus, this strategy can only be effective if there is a clear complementary relationship between informal care and formal care. Empirical analysis is selected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) database, which conducted 10 follow-up surveys in 12 provinces and municipalities in China. A two-tier stochastic frontier (TSFA) model was used to analyze the relationship between three different kinds of formal care and informal family care. The formal complementary and substitute effects on informal care eventually led to higher actual informal care level. The net effect of formal care on informal care is positive, and the complementary effects of formal care are still dominant even in different regions. Increasing informal care does not crowd out or reduce formal care; thereby, facilitating the return of care to families can effectively reduce public service expenditures.
Highlights
Under the background of the aging society, choice about elderly care of all countries was made between society and home, to form an optimal care model and provide qualified care for the elderly with minimal social costs
Uit represents the complementary effects of formal care on family care. uit ≥ 0, vit represents the substitute effect of formal care on informal care, vit ≥ 0
The results show that any local health worker visit and any doctor visit have complementary effects on the individual’s informal care
Summary
Under the background of the aging society, choice about elderly care of all countries was made between society and home, to form an optimal care model and provide qualified care for the elderly with minimal social costs. In accordance with international practice, the form of care for the elderly can be divided into two categories: formal long-term care (LTC; formal care) and informal care (informal care). The former includes community-based informal care, institutional care, and so on, provided by the person signing the contract and get a fixed income by the employment contract. The former informal care comes from inside the home, which is mainly the daily companionship and life care of the elderly by family members such as children.
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