Abstract
Two communities, Ixtlan and Chalchijapa, located in the Mexican state of Oaxaca, are compared based on their utilization of local forests. The long-settled community of Ixtlan, with its pine-oak forests, is compared to the recently established village of Chalchijapa which is located in rain forest on the edge of the Chimalapas nature reserve. Constraints such as forest type and management, land ownership and tenure, and current and future plans for timber extraction and utilization are examined, as are methods of wood processing and milling. The degree and type of wood utilization carried out by these two timber-dependent communities is greatly reflective of the local forest type and social structure.
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